Category: Preserving Vegetables

How to Pressure Can Peas

Posted on by craig

I’m often asked why I choose to can certain foods when they could just as easily be frozen. My answer might vary from food to food, but the answer is usually that freezer space is limited and we simply have too much. At the moment, we’ve got our fridge freezer, a small chest freezer here, a small chest freezer at my mom’s house, and a medium chest freezer at my mom’s house. By the end of the harvest season, these are crammed full and there’s no room for additional stuff. We should be getting another chest freezer this year, but I think that will only ease the freezer space pressure a little bit but not solve it.

For some foods, canning creates new flavours or products, so that’s the primary reason. The clear answers here are tomatoes — from which I can pasta sauce, curry sauce, juice, soup, and more —and things like beets and hot peppers, which I pickle.

Fresh picked garden peas

And for some foods, like peas, I just enjoy it canned rather than frozen. I prefer the soft texture you get from canned peas and don’t care much for the harder and drier texture of frozen peas (even boiling frozen peas doesn’t solve that issue for me).

Not all peas are made for canning. We grow two types of peas — the first are snap peas which are good for snacking on as-is, but they’re not suitable for canning. If we have an excess of snap peas, I will shell them and freeze the peas. The second types of peas are Alaskan peas — these ones hold up well to canning.

Since peas are a low-acid food, they can only be pressure-canned. It is unsafe to can them using a regular boiling water canner or other canning method. If you’re newer to canning or coming back to it after a long time away, check out my Canning 101 post to help get a handle on terminology and best practices for safety.

How to pressure can peas

I’ve had a lot of folks say “Oh, you’ve got a pressure canner? That must speed things up!” While a pressure cooker can speed up the cooking process, pressure canning slows down the canning process. A lot of time is spent pressurizing the canner and then depressurizing it, and the processing times tend to be longer than water bath canning.

So the first thing you’ll need is time. I rarely do pressure canning on a busy weeknight; rather, I tend to save them for Saturday afternoons.

There are two methods to canning peas — raw pack and hot pack. I prefer the raw pack method because it’s easy; you just pack your peas in the jars, top them with boiling water, and can them. Hot packing requires boiling the peas first, then packing them in jars with hot water. This post is for the raw pack method.

Pressure canning peas is an easy project and great for someone newer to canning. Let’s dive into the steps:

Step one: Prepare the peas

The first step is to shell the peas. It’s generally a good idea to give them a good rinse before shelling them, so any dirt, debris, and contaminants on the outside of the pod get washed away before you shell them and end up getting that dirt in the shelled peas.

There are different ways to shell peas and there are little devices to help you with the process. I tend to rip one end of the pod and then crack it open.

Give yourself a lot of time for shelling peas because it’s not a quick process. What I’ll typically do is if I’m planning to can on Saturday, then starting on Thursday evening I’ll shell peas. Once shelled, they store well in the fridge for a couple days before canning.

Once all your peas have been shelled, give them another rinse to wash away any dirt or contaminants that might be in there.

Shelled peas

Step two: Load up your jars

Using quart or smaller size jars — I use half-pint / one-cup jars — fill them with peas, leaving a one inch headspace.

Add an optional pinch of salt to each jar. It’s best to use canning salt, if you have it. Sea salt works just as well.

Top with boiling water, maintaining the one inch headspace.

Debubble the peas to ensure no air pockets are trapped, and adjust headspace with more water if needed. Wipe the jar rims with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar, then attach two-part lids to fingertip tightness.

Step three: Pressure canning peas

Load the jars into your pressure canner and proceed as per your canner’s instructions. For me, before the jars go in, I have to fill water to a certain line, then load the jars in, close the lid with the vent open, and bring to a boil. I let it boil for about ten minutes, then add the weighted gauge, the vent closes on its own, and I let the pressure build to where I want it.

At my elevation, the pressure required using a weighted gauge is 10 pounds. For 1,001 feet and up, use a 15 pound weighted gauge. For a dial gauge, it’s 11 pounds up to 2,000 feet, 12 pounds for up to 4,000 feet, 12 pounds for up to 6,000 feet, 14 pounds for up to 8,000 feet, and 15 pounds for up to 10,000 feet.

The processing time, regardless of the elevation, gauge type, and jar size is 40 minutes.

Once 40 minutes at the appropriate pressure have passed, turn off the stove and again proceed as per canner directions. For me, this means letting it cool depressurize until the vent clicks open, then remove the weighted gauge, and let it sit for ten minutes. Then I can take off the lid and carefully remove the jars, letting them sit on a thick towel somewhere, undisturbed until the next day.

Step four: Enjoy

Canned peas can sit on a shelf for up to 18 months, after which time quality may degrade (but safety should not degrade as long as the jar remains fully sealed).

To enjoy your peas, simply pop open a jar and warm them up on the stove. They’re already fully cooked, so you’re just reheating them.

Pressure canned peas

More food preserving recipes

If you haven’t already checked out my new cookbook, Preserving Your Urban Harvest, please do so! It includes 73 recipes to preserve 21 garden favourite crops, including peas!

Pressure Canned Peas

Store garden peas on a shelf using this simple and delicious pressure canning recipe.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 30 minutes
Course: vegetable
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • Peas
  • Salt (Optional)
  • Water

Equipment

  • 1 Pressure Canner

Method
 

  1. Wash pea pods. Shell peas, discarding pods. Wash peas.
  2. Fill jars quart size or smaller with peas, leaving a one inch headspace.
  3. Add a pinch of salt to each jar, if desired.
  4. Top with boiling water, maintaining one Inch headspace.
  5. Debubble, readjust headspace, wipe jar rim with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar, and attach two part lids to fingertip tightness.
  6. Process in pressure canner, as per canner directions, for 40 minutes, regardless of jar size. If under 1,000 feet in elevation, use 10 pounds of pressure on a weighted gauge or 11 on a dial gauge. If you're at a higher elevation, see notes for the required pressure.
  7. Let canner fully depressurize, as per canner directions, and carefully remove jars, setting them on a thick towel overnight.
  8. In the morning, check that jars have sealed. Sealed jars can be stored on a shelf for up to 18 months. Unsealed jars should be refrigerated and consumed promptly.

Notes

This recipe must be done with a pressure canner, not a water bath canner, nor with a pressure cooker.
Higher elevations:
Weighted gauge: 
  • 0 – 1,000 feet: 10 pounds pressure
  • 1,000 – 10,000 feet: 15 pounds pressure
Dial gauge:
  • 0 – 2,000 feet: 11 pounds pressure
  • 2,001 – 4,000 feet: 12 pounds pressure
  • 4,001 – 6,000 feet: 13 pounds pressure
  • 6,001 – 8,000 feet: 14 pounds pressure
  • 8,001 – 10,000 feet: 15 pounds pressure

How to Make Gnocchi

Posted on by craig

Potatoes are one of those harvests that are both incredibly easy to preserve, but also strangely difficult. If all you want to do is store the potatoes, then that’s super easy. In a cool, dry, dark place, they can last through much of the winter. We usually harvest in late September or early October, and they’re fine in a dark room in the basement until February at least. Once they start to grow eyes, we boil and mash them (without added dairy) and freeze these in bags. They’re not great when thawed and reheated (and loaded with dairy) but they’re great for topping a pot pie or shepherd’s pie.

It’s also possible to can potatoes and I’ve done that before. I’m also looking at canning french fries—in other words, canning potatoes cut in fry shapes—as they apparently crisp up perfectly when the jar is opened and the potatoes cooked. I’ve never ventured into dehydrating potatoes, but that has caught my eye before and I may try one day.

The one thing I’ve always wanted to tackle was making gnocchi, which is a potato-based pasta (technically more of a dumpling). The store-bought stuff holds together well and freezes well too. A couple years ago I tried making a batch and it got so soft they disintegrated when I tried boiling them, and freezing them just made a clump of potato that then disintegrated when boiled.

But I’m not the type to give up easily. So, in order to prep for the potato harvest, I did some research, called my bestie up on Zoom, and together we banged out a batch of gnocchi that turned out superb, and we even tried freezing some of it to cook it from frozen and see what happens—and we succeeded there too. I won’t rush to make gnocchi the minute the potatoes are out of the ground this fall, as there are more pressing projects, but once early winter rolls around and there’s little to do in terms of food preserving.

Homemade vs store-bought gnocchi

One important distinction to make is that homemade gnocchi, at least when uncooked, is very delicate compared to store-bought gnocchi. The store-bought variety is a lot denser and sturdier and holds up well in recipes where you add uncooked gnocchi directly to a pan of sauce and other ingredients. Once cooked, homemade gnocchi holds up fairly well. We boiled our very gentle gnocchi and then once cooked added them to a pan with sauce and other ingredients.

Homemade gnocchi

Egg or no egg?

In researching recipes and trying to determine where my previous attempts went wrong, it appears it may have to do with the egg. Some gnocchi recipes just use potato and flour, some add a whole egg, and some add just an egg yolk. We decided to go with the egg yolk and considering this was a success on the first try whereas all other attempts were failures, the egg seems to make a difference.

How to make homemade gnocchi

First you’ll want to gather your ingredients and equipment:

  • 1 lb potatoes
    • Different sites recommend different potatoes. I made these with yellow potatoes / Yukon Gold.
  • 1 egg yolk
  • 1/4 tsp salt
  • 85 g all-purpose flour, plus extra on hand to dust the counter and optional gnocchi board
  • Semolina or rice flour for dusting
    • I happened to have rice flour on hand, so this is what I used
  • Potato ricer, food mill, or potato masher
  • Gnocchi board (optional)

Step one: Prepare the potatoes

Leaving the skin on and not cutting them up, boil whole potatoes for 25 minutes or until tender when poked with a knife or fork. If you have larger or smaller potatoes, the time may be longer or shorter.

Potatoes being boiled

One of the keys to gnocchi is to not let things get too wet, so keeping the skin on keeps a lot of water out.

When cooked, drain and let cool slightly until they are still warm but safe to handle. Pull the skins off; the skins should slip off fairly easily, but you may need a paring knife or peeler to remove some skin.

Press the potatoes through a potato ricer or food mill into a bowl. If all you have is a potato masher, mash until they are smooth. Do not use a blender, immersion blender, or food processor as that may overwork the potatoes.

Potatoes being pressed through a potato ricer

Riced potatoes

Step two: Make the dough

Create a well in the middle of the potatoes. In the well, add the egg yolk, salt, and some of the flour.

Egg, salt, and flour added to potatoes

Work it all together with a fork, adding more flour as you go.

Mixing gnocchi dough with a fork

Once all the flour is in and it starts to come together like a dough, stop using a fork and switch to using your hands. Squish it together to form a big ball. Since this isn’t actually dough, you don’t need to knead it or work it. The dough will feel sticky and that’s okay, that’s what you want. If it’s excessively sticky, sprinkle on a little more flour, but you’re not going for the “tacky but not sticky” feel you want with bread dough.

A ball of gnocchi dough

Let the gnocchi dough rest for 5-10 minutes.

Step three: Make the gnocchi

Separate the ball into four smaller balls. Working with one ball at a time, roll it out into a log approximately a foot long. Cut across each log several times, creating individual pieces that are about half an inch long. These pieces can be transferred as they are to a pan dusted with semolina or rice flour.

Gnocchi dough rolled into a log

Individual gnocchi pieces

However, gnocchi traditionally has ridges and these ridges trap sauce better. Using a ridged gnocchi board or the back of a fork, press one piece at a time into the ridges with your thumb, then slide your thumb down—this will create the ridges and the curled shape of gnocchi. Afterward, pieces can be transferred to a pan dusted with semolina or rice flour.

Gnocchi with ridges

A pan of fresh-made gnocchi

Step four: Store or cook gnocchi

Gnocchi can be frozen for a few months. To do so, place the entire pan of gnocchi into the freezer so the gnocchi freeze without sticking to each other. When frozen, transfer to a ziplock bag

To cook gnocchi, boil a pot of salted water. When at a full boil, gently drop batches of gnocchi into the pot. When they float, they’re cooked. This may take about a minute when cooking fresh gnocchi. If cooking frozen gnocchi, do not thaw first—drop frozen gnocchi into the pot and cook until they float, which may take up to three minutes.

Top cooked gnocchi with sauce, if desired, and serve immediately.

Gnocchi with sausage and sauce

Gnocchi

5 from 1 vote
Soft and filling, gnocchi is a great way to use up potatoes and make and delicious dinner.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 1 hour
Cook Time 1 minute
Course: dinner
Cuisine: Italian
Ingredients Equipment Method

Ingredients
  

  • 1 lb Yukon Gold Potatoes, or other yellow potatoes
  • 1 Egg Yolk
  • ¼ tsp Salt
  • 85 g All-Purpose Flour
  • Semolina or Rice Flour, for dusting

Equipment

  • 1 Gnocchi Board (Optional)
  • 1 Potato Ricer or Potato Masher
  • 1 Large Bowl
  • 1 Sheet Pan

Method
 

  1. In a pot of boiling water, boil whole potatoes for 25 minutes or until fully cooked. Do not cut or peel potatoes, as you want to keep as much water out as possible. Test doneness with a fork or knife. Remove cooked potatoes from water, pat dry, and let cool until safe to handle (but still warm).
  2. Peel potatoes. The skin should pull right off, but parts may need to peeled with a knife or peeler.
  3. Press potatoes through a potato ricer or mash with a potato masher into a large bowl. Do not put in a blender or food processor as this will overwork the potatoes.
  4. Create a well in the potatoes and add the egg yolk, salt, and some of the flour. Stir with a fork and work it together, adding flour as you go, until all the flour is mixed in. Once the potatoes start to come together like a dough, stop using the fork.
  5. Continue mixing with your hands until everything is fully incorporated. Press dough together into a ball. Dough may be sticky and this is okay, but if it's excessively sticky, add a little extra flour. Let rest for 5-10 minutes.
  6. Divide dough ball into four smaller balls. Working with one ball at a time, roll out into foot-long logs. Cut each log into approximately 20 pieces, all about 1/2 inch wide. If you're not creating ridges on the gnocchi, these individual pieces can be transferred to a pan dusted with semolina or rice flour.
  7. If creating ridges, roll each piece one at a time across a ridged gnocchi board or the back of a fork. Transfer pieces to a pan dusted with semolina or rice flour.
  8. Gnocchi can be cooked in boiling salted water for approximately a minute. When they float, they're ready.
    If not cooking right away, transfer the gnocchi to the fridge.
    Gnocchi can be frozen for a few months. Transfer the pan to the freezer and let it sit until frozen. Then transfer gnocchi to a ziplock bag. (This process lets them freeze individually without getting stuck together.)

How to Make Chive Blossom Vinegar

Posted on by craig

Chives are one of the first plants to come up in the garden every year. They have a lovely aroma and a delicious taste—sometimes I’ll just pluck one and eat it as I walk around the garden. In late May and early June, the chives start flowering with a gorgeous pastel purple flower.

When used fresh, chives are excellent on eggs or sprinkled atop any dish that could benefit from a burst of green colour and the soft bite of oniony chive flavour. But preserving chives is remarkably difficult. While it is possible to dehydrate them, they lose a lot of their flavour in the process. I’ve chopped and frozen some, but the flavour again starts to fade. The best way to enjoy chives is to enjoy them fresh.

A chive plant with pastel-purple flowers

For those set on preserving them, though, there are a few options. I’ve done up a batch of fermented chives a few times (using this recipe) and they come out tasting like very oniony sauerkraut, which has its place on the table with certain dishes.

The pastel purple blossoms are where some unique preservation options come up. The first is chive blossom jelly, which I’ve got here, or if you prefer a low-sugar version you can find that here, though the required low-sugar pectin is difficult to find in Canada. The second is chive blossom vinegar, which is a unique showstopper—it’s vibrantly pink, has a tantalizing aroma, and a delicious taste.

I typically use chive blossom vinegar with dinner—I’ll add a dash of it to the pan to help deglaze, plus the acidity adds a brightness to the flavour of whatever I’m cooking. It would work very well in a simple homemade oil and vinegar salad dressing and would also add a unique taste when sprinkled on fries.

How to make chive blossom vinegar

The first thing you’ll need is chive blossoms. Unfortunately, one of the only ways to get these is either by having your own chive plant or knowing someone that does, as I’ve never seen chive blossoms available for sale anywhere.

You’ll need about two cups, plus some chives for extra added flavour.

A Pyrex measuring glass filled with chive blossoms and chives

The only other ingredient you’ll need is vinegar. You’ll want a mild vinegar so that the taste of chives is allowed to shine. I typically make this with white wine vinegar, but I’ve also made it with unseasoned rice vinegar. I’d likely avoid white vinegar as it can be a too harsh. While I’ve never made it with apple cider vinegar, that may work well to hav an apple/chive taste, though the colour likely won’t be as vibrant.

Step one: Combine all ingredients

You may want to give your chive blossoms a rinse in case any insects or dirty have come along for a ride. Once patted dry, add the blossoms and chives to a large jar and top with two cups of vinegar. Put the lid on and tightly close it.

A mason jar filled with vinegar, chives, and chive blossoms

Step two: Let it sit

This recipe is remarkably easy, because all you do is let it sit for two weeks in a dark place at room temperature. It’s good to shake it daily, so I like to keep it in the cupboard right in front of my pots and pans, so whenever I go to make dinner, it’s in my way and I remember to shake it.

Step three: Strain and bottle

After two weeks, the vinegar should be bright pink and have an amazing chive aroma. Strain the vinegar, dissolving the solids, and transfer the vinegar to whichever bottle you want to use to store it.

A bottle of chive blossom vinegar; the vinegar is a brilliant pink colour

Step four: Enjoy

Use the vinegar as you might use any flavoured vinegar. You’ll find uses that work for you, such as salad dressing, deglazing pans, or a homemade fresh salsa (don’t use it for canning since you can’t be sure of the acidity level).

Over time, the colour will fade and the vinegar will turn brown. This is purely a colour change; the taste should remain just as vibrant and amazing and you can continue to use it as you like.

Chive Blossom Vinegar

5 from 2 votes
Brilliantly pink and with an amazing aroma and taste, chive blossom vinegar is a showstopper of a condiment.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 10 minutes
Infusing Time 14 days
Course: condiments
Ingredients Method

Ingredients
  

  • 2 cups Chive Blossoms
  • 1 handful Chives
  • 2 cups Vinegar with a Mild Flavour like White Wine Vinegar or Unseasoned Rice Vinegar

Method
 

  1. Wash and pat dry chive blossoms to remove insects or dirt.
  2. Combine all ingredients in a large jar and tightly close.
  3. Store in dark place for two weeks, shaking daily.
  4. Strain vinegar, discarding solids. Transfer vinegar to a bottle or jar.

What To Do With Too Much Rhubarb

Posted on by craig

Home gardeners who grow rhubarb know that once the plant establishes itself, you soon have too much rhubarb. We don’t have rhubarb in our garden, but both of our neighbours do, and neither one wants their rhubarb, so we harvest it all. Last year was the first year we tried to harvest all of it, as it’s usually too much to bother doing that. We ended up stocking away over 100 pounds of it in our freezers. I had to figure out pretty soon what to do with too much rhubarb.

Depending on your climate and your specific rhubarb plants, you may have already harvested yours or are looking at doing so pretty soon. For us, a few of our plants seem to be a month behind anyone else. When everyone else’s lilac bush is full of purple blooms, ours is just warming up for the season—and then when everyone else’s blooms fall off, that’s when ours looks gorgeously purple. Our rhubarb is similar—we tend to harvest it in July or August, so it’s more of a mid-summer crop for us rather than a spring one.

A pile of rhubarb on a patio table.

Here are some of the projects I undertake with rhubarb, as well as a few great ideas from around the internet that haven’t quite made it on this site yet:

Freezing rhubarb

The first and easiest is to simply freeze the rhubarb. It freezes well and holds together decently when thawed and frozen rhubarb is good for most uses. If you prefer to pickle rhubarb, you shouldn’t freeze it first because it will affect the texture, but for juicing, jelly-making, and alcohol uses, frozen rhubarb is fine.

After harvesting the rhubarb and chopping off the toxic leaf, I wash and dry every stalk, then chop them into one-inch lengths. I set them all out on a towel for a few hours to fully dry, then bag them up, date them, and freeze them.

Bags of chopped rhubarb ready for the freezer.

I’ve gone on to use this frozen rhubarb for juicing, kombucha flavouring, wine making, gin flavouring, and jelly making. My step-father likes to make rhubarb crumble and rhubarb pie and will use our frozen rhubarb for this and the results are just as good as fresh.

Rhubarb ginger gin

Of everything I make, this is by far the most popular. Rhubarb ginger gin is sweet and juicy with just a hint of warmth from the ginger and it makes for easy drinking. It mixes phenomenally well with Coke.

Two bottles of rhubarb ginger gin.

The process is simple—combine gin, rhubarb, sugar, and ginger in a large jar and let it sit for a month, then strain, bottle, and serve. You can find the full recipe and instructions here.

If you’re not a ginger fan, you can omit the ginger and make rhubarb gin. I’ve also done this and the results are a little sweeter.

Rhubarb schnapps

Not much of a gin fan? You can also make rhubarb schnapps. It’s a very similar process, but it uses vodka instead of gin. This recipe isn’t on my blog since I haven’t made it in a few years (as I’m much more of a gin drinker than a vodka drinker), but this looks like a great version here.

Rhubarb juice

Rhubarb juice cans easily. And if you have a steam juicer, that makes the process phenomenally easy.

This post explains how to extract rhubarb juice and safely can it.

A mason jar of rhubarb juice.

Rhubarb juice is acidic enough to be canned as-is, but most people add sugar to sweeten it and balance the taste. For myself, I tend to use the rhubarb juice in other recipes (some of which are below), so I can unsweetened juice so I’m never unsure of how much sugar to add for the future recipes.

Rhubarb jelly

One such use of unsweetened canned rhubarb juice is rhubarb jelly. I will sometimes make rhubarb jelly for some folks that request it and the process is very easy when I already have pre-canned juice on hand and don’t have to juice the rhubarb as part of the recipe.

An easy step-by-step guide to making and canning rhubarb jelly can be found here.

A mason jar of rhubarb jelly.

Rhubarb wine

There are two staple wines I make every single year—dandelion wine and rhubarb wine.

Rhubarb wine is a great starter recipe for folks new to home winemaking. You can find a complete recipe with instructions here.

A bottle of rhubarb wine with two glasses that are half filled with wine.

While the recipe is easy to make as is, as the first step is to just dump sugar and chopped rhubarb in a bucket and let it extract the juice, I’ve found I get far superior flavour if I use the canned rhubarb juice I made. While wine made from rhubarb chunks is delicious, it seems the chunks sometimes add just a hint of bitterness to the final taste—but using only juice removes that bitterness and I’m left with a wine that is incredibly smooth, juicy, and delicious.

I may experiment with the rhubarb wine recipe a little bit this year. Last year after mis-understanding a recipe, I threw some ginger into a dandelion wine batch and ended up with a surprisingly delicious dandelion ginger wine—the ginger is just a background note but complements it perfectly. I suspect I’d get the same amazing result with rhubarb ginger wine. So if that’s a success, it will appear on this site eventually.

Pickled rhubarb

One of my favourite things to do in home preserving is to pickle things. I pickle cucumbers, hot peppers, beets, carrots, cauliflower, and more. Pickled rhubarb is one of those more surprising ones with a unique flavour and texture. You can find a good recipe for it here.

Dehydrated rhubarb

Every home preserver has their preferred preserving method. For me, it’s canning. But for some, it’s dehydrating. Dehydrating rhubarb is easy and because it shrinks so much (since a lot of what makes up rhubarb is water), dehydrating can be a real space saver if you have a lot of rhubarb. This site has easy-to-follow instructions, as well as some ideas of how to use your dehydrated rhubarb.

More to come…

As this site grows, I’ll come back here and update this list with more fantastic ways to use up your overwhelming rhubarb harvest.

Rhubarb stalks.

How to Make Tofu From Black Beans

Posted on by craig

We’ve been having slightly warmer than usual weather lately and it has me already dreaming of our upcoming garden. But, despite this warm spell, the start of garden season is still a ways away, and harvest season is even further away. Plus, we still have a lot of last year’s harvest to work our way through.

My project this last month has been to do stuff with the dried beans. A few weeks ago I canned up some of our black beans so I have fully-cooked beans ready at a moment’s notice for dinners.

With that out of the way, I turned to a fun bean-related project—making tofu from black beans.

Black bean tofu chopped into cubes

Burmese tofu

Tofu as most people traditionally know it is made from soy beans in a process that is not easy to replicate at home. Burmese tofu, on the other hand, is slightly different and can easily be made at home with no special equipment other than a blender or food processor.

Burmese tofu is typically made from ground yellow split peas or chickpeas, but the process works with pretty much any type of bean or lentil.

Burmese tofu is much softer than soy tofu. So when you’re including it in your meal, you have to be extremely gentle with it when frying it because it will fall apart. This softness also excludes any recipe that involves pressing tofu or treating it with anything other than gentleness. This is something I’ve struggled with, but I’ve discovered a hack with the air fryer for perfectly cooked Burmese tofu that makes it crispy on the outside and pillowy soft on the inside, which I’ll share at the end of the post.

How to make black bean tofu

Like most bean recipes, this is a two day process, requiring soaking the beans the night before and using them the next day.

Step one: Soak the black beans

I find for our two-person household, 100 grams of black beans makes enough tofu for us, leaving no leftovers. I’ve found that leftover Burmese tofu, even if used the next day, isn’t always so great, so I’ve taken to only making what I need.

If you’re cooking for three to four people, you’ll want to go with 200 grams of black beans.

Black beans soaking in water overnight

Put the beans in a large pot or jar and cover with plenty of water, submerging the beans by at least several inches. Let sit at room temperature overnight.

Step two (the next day): Make a bean slurry

Drain and rinse the beans, then throw them in a food processor or blender and and pulse them until they’re roughly chopped.

Black beans in blender

If, like me, you went with 100 grams of beans, add in 250 ml (one cup) of water. If you went with the full recipe of 200 grams, use 500 ml (two cups) of water.

With the blender or food processor, puree the mixture until you have what resembles a bean slurry, or looks like a watery Oreo milkshake.

Bean slurry of pureed beans and water. It's white with black flecks, resembling an Oreo milkshake.

Step three: Strain the slurry

Using a wire mesh sieve over a pot, strain the slurry. You’ll want to press the slurry with the back of a spoon or a rubber spatula to get all of the liquid out. (It’s the liquid you want, so make sure you get as much out as you can.) I often find that even when it looks like I’ve gotten everything out, if I stir it vigorously with my spatula, inevitably more liquid will come out.

Liquids strained from the black bean slurry

The solids left in your sieve can either be composted or saved to add to a soup or stew for extra protein. There are many potential uses beyond soups and stews, but keep in mind that beans must be cooked before eating and these remnants have not been cooked, so ensure you cook them for however you use them.

Step four: Thicken the liquid

Add a little bit of salt, and then over medium heat and stirring constantly with a whisk, bring the mixture to a gentle boil and simmer. As it cooks and as you whisk, it will soon become very thick, almost paste-like. This should take about a minute.

Thickened black bean slurry that looks paste-like in consistency

Step five: Pour into mould and let it set

Once thickened, remove from heat and immediately pour into a mould of some sort. I use a small square glass container. When I used to make full-sized batches I used to use bread pans. Do not grease the pan or dish; the tofu will not stick to it.

Freshly-poured black bean slurry that will solidify into tofu

Leave it alone for at least an hour for the tofu to cool and set.

Black bean tofu that has set and hardened

Step six: Enjoy your black bean tofu! (Here’s the air fryer tip!)

Once fully set, you can cut up the tofu and cook it however you’d like.

Black bean tofu

It’s common to roll the tofu in cornstarch or rice flour and then gently fry them.

Like I said above, I have difficulty with that and they often fall apart. I found, though, that using an air fryer removes my hands from the process and thus they don’t fall apart!

Cubes of black bean tofu

Starting with the same process of rolling them in cornstarch or rice flour, put them into the air fryer basket. I sometimes give them a few spritzes of a cooking spray so they get extra crispy. With the air fryer at 400 degrees Fahrenheit, cook the tofu for five minutes at a time until cooked and crispy on the outside, shaking the basket at each five minute interval.

Black bean tofu in the air fryer

To serve, I typically layer noodles, then stir-fried vegetables, then tofu, then sauce. With my most recent tofu dinner, I used a simple teriyaki sauce, but I often make this ginger peanut sauce—both are great!

Black Bean Tofu

5 from 2 votes
Easy to make, nutritious, vegan, and tasty, this black bean tofu is an all-around winner!
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 12 hours
Cook Time 5 minutes
Resting Time 1 hour
Course: dinner, lunch
Cuisine: Tofu, Vegan, Vegetarian
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • 200 g Black Beans
  • 2 cups Water
  • ½ tsp Salt

Equipment

  • Blender or Food Processor
  • Container or Small Baking Dish (This will serve as the mould for the tofu to set in.)

Method
 

  1. The night before, place black beans in a bowl or pot and cover with plenty of fresh water, submerging them by at least a few inches. Let sit overnight.
  2. The next day, drain and rinse the beans.
  3. Put beans in a food processor or blender and pulse a few times to break them up.
  4. Add water to the beans in the blender and puree until a liquid slurry forms.
  5. Strain mixture through a mesh sieve, collecting liquid in a pot. Press beans with the back of a spoon or a spatula and/or mix vigorously in the sieve to ensure as much liquid drains as possible. Bean solids left in the strainer can be composted or reserved for other uses.
  6. Add salt to liquid. Heat liquid over stove, bringing to a gentle boil and stirring constantly to ensure slurry stays nicely mixed and does not burn. After about a minute of cooking, the liquid should become very thick and paste-like.
  7. Pour slurry into a mould, which can be a container or small baking dish.
  8. Let rest for at least an hour. The slurry will cool and solidify into tofu.
  9. Once fully set, remove from mould and use as desired. (See notes below.)

Notes

I find the texture isn’t as desirable the next day, so I recommend only making what you need and using it all. I usually halve this recipe for the two of us, but if you’re cooking for three or four people this full recipe would be ideal.
Black bean tofu is a form of Burmese tofu, which is very soft and must be handled very gently. General practice is to roll it in cornstarch or rice flour and then fry it. This can also be done in the air fryer—I usually give the cornstarch-covered cubes a few spritzes of spray oil and then air fry at 400 in fie minute intervals, shaking each time, until crispy on the outside.

How to Pressure Can Black Beans: A Step-by-Step Guide

Posted on by craig

Now that things are really calming down around here—the fall harvest has nearly all been processed, the holiday season is fully over, and we’re now in that lull between mid-winter and the warming of spring—I’m getting to the task of pressure canning black beans.

We’ve been experimenting with growing beans the last few years. We’ve had kidney beans, black beans, and scarlet runner beans. These are all the kind where you let them dry in the pod, shell them, and let them dry more—we don’t grow the fully-edible kind like green beans.

While our beans are fully dry and in jars in our food storage room and, in a sense, were already processed and preserved, they weren’t exactly dinner-friendly. Working with dried beans takes planning ahead as you need an overnight soak to rehydrate them. While you can do a quick soak in a much shorter time, it still requires a considerable time investment, and the quick soak method doesn’t produce quite as nice results as the overnight soak.

Soaked and rinsed black beans, waiting to be pressure canned

Besides, what I really want are jars of fully cooked beans that I can just pop open and dump in dinner at a moment’s notice. Indeed, shortly after canning a batch of beans, we felt we needed to add protein to a potato soup and added a jar of beans about ten minutes before serving.

If you’re not a gardener but you like food projects, you can buy dried beans from the store at very cheap prices and do up these pressure canned jars. That allows you to control the salt level or even do a mix of your favourite kinds of beans in one jar.

While I pressure canned black beans, this process and recipe works for any dried bean.

Preparing the beans

Before doing anything, carefully sort through the beans to ensure there are no stones, pebbles, or clumps of dirt hiding in there. This can be fairly common, especially with smaller beans.

The first step is to rehydrate the beans, either with an overnight soak or the quick soak method.

I much prefer an overnight soak. While it takes some planning since you have to start the day before, it’s very much a “set it up and leave it” soak, which I like. The overnight soak can also reduce the amount of skin-splitting on beans, if this is a concern. If you experience digestive upset from beans, the overnight soak can also reduce the likelihood of this happening.

Soaked and rinsed black beans, waiting to be pressure canned

Overnight soak

Put the dried beans in a very large pot and add 10 cups of water for every pound of beans. For this full canner load of beans, I did up 3.25 pounds of dried beans, which meant 33 cups of water. I like to give it a little stir to see if anything floats to the top so I can scoop it off (since home processing of beans sometimes means I have some dried plant detritus mixed in).

The next day, drain the beans, give them a good rinse, and then move ahead to the cooking stage.

Quick-soak method

This also uses a large pot and the same ratio of beans to water. For every pound of beans in your pot, add 10 cups of water. Bring it all to a boil over medium-high heat and let boil for two minutes, then remove from heat and let sit for an hour

Afterward, drain the beans, give them a good rinse, and the move ahead to the cooking stage.

Cook the beans

Put the beans back in your large pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat and let boil for 30 minutes.

While the beans are boiling, prepare your pressure canner to manufacturer specifications and prepare your jars.

Pressure canning black beans

When beans have cooked for thirty minutes, remove from heat and use a slotted spoon to scoop beans into mason jars. You can use pint or quart, but I like to use half-pint because that’s a more reasonable serving of beans for us. (You can always go with smaller jars for canning, but never larger.)

Leave a headspace of one inch. Don’t discard the water.

Black beans in mason jars, waiting for salt before pressure canning

This is optional, but you can add non-iodized salt to your jars—1/4 tsp per half pint jar, 1/2 tsp per pint jar, or 1 tsp per quart jar.

Then, using a ladle, scoop out the bean water and add to the jars, maintaining the one-inch headspace. If you run out of bean water (as I did), freshly boiled water can be used instead.

Debubble, adjust headspace, wipe jar rims with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar, and close with two-part lids to fingertip tightness.

Process jars in your pressure canner at 10 psi weighted gauge (or 11 psi for dial gauge) for 75 minutes for pints (or half pints) or 90 minutes for quarts. Adjust for elevation if necessary—for elevations above 1,001 feet use 15 psi weighted gauge; for dial gauge use 11 psi for 1,001-2,000ft, 12 psi for 2,001-4,000ft, 13 pis for 4,001-6,000, 14 psi for 6,001-8000ft, and 15 psi for 8,001-10,000ft.

Once canner has fully cooled and depressurized as per manufacturer directions, carefully remove jars from canner and place on a thick towel on the counter or a table. Leave undisturbed overnight and check them in the morning; sealed jars can be stored at room temperature for a year or so, unsealed jars should be put in the fridge and consumed promptly.

Using canned beans

Use pressure canned canned black beans in the exact same way as you’d use canned black beans from the grocery store.

The week after I canned these black beans, I had made up a batch of potato soup. We felt it needed a bit of protein added, so we dumped in a can of beans, and it was perfect.

Today, I’m planning some crockpot chili, and it calls for a couple cans of black beans, so I’ll be using my home-canned ones.

Pressure canned black beans, ready to be used in dinner

Pressure Canned Black Beans

5 from 2 votes
This beginner-friendly pressure canning recipe turns dried black beans into ready-to-eat black beans that are shelf stable and convenient.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 8 hours
Cook Time 30 minutes
Canning Time 1 hour
Course: Side Dish
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • Black Beans
  • Salt
  • Water

Equipment

  • Pressure Canner
  • Mason Jars, quart size or smaller

Method
 

Soaking Beans
  1. Sort through beans to remove any pebbles, dirt clumps, or plant detritus.
  2. Beans must be soaked, either overnight or via the quick soak method. Use 10 cups of water per pound of beans. A full canner load is 3.25 pounds and would use 33 cups of water.
    Overnight soak
    Place beans and water in a large pot or bowl and let sit overnight. The next day, drain and rinse beans.
    Quick-soak
    Place beans and water in a large pot. Bring water to boil over medium-high heat and let boil for two minutes. Remove from heat and let beans soak for one hour.
Cooking Beans
  1. Put beans in a large pot and cover with fresh water. Heat beans over medium-high heat and bring to a boil. Let boil for 30 minutes.
  2. While beans are cooking, prepare pressure canner as per manufacturer directions.
Canning Beans
  1. Using a slotted spoon, fill jars (quarts, pints, or half-pints) with beans to one inch headspace. Reserve bean water.
  2. Optional: Add 1 tsp non-iodized salt to each quart jar, ½ tsp to each pint jar, or ¼ tsp to each half-pint jar.
  3. Top off with bean water, maintaining one inch headspace. If you don't have enough bean water, you can use freshly-boiled water.
  4. Debubble, adjust headspace, wipe jar rims with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar, and attach two-part lids to fingertip tightness.
  5. Load into pressure canner and heat and pressurize as per manufacturer directions. Process at 10 psi with a weighted gauge or 11 psi with a dial gauge for 90 minutes for quarts and 75 minutes for pints or half-pints. Adjust for elevation if necessary (see note).
  6. When processed, allow canner to cool and depressurize as per manufacturer directions. When safe, carefully remove lid and with a jar lifter remove jars and place them on a thick towel on a counter or table and let sit overnight. In the morning, check that jars have sealed; sealed jars can be kept at room temperature for approximately a year before quality starts to degrade, while unsealed jars should be refrigerated and consumed promptly.

Notes

Adjust for Elevation
Weighted Gauge
0-1,000 ft – 10 psi
1,001 and above – 15 psi
Dial Gauge
0-2,000 ft – 11 psi
2,001-4,000 ft – 12 psi
4,001-6,000 ft – 13 psi
6,001-8,000 ft – 14 psi
8,001-10,000 ft – 15 psi

How to Can Rhubarb Juice

Posted on by craig

Every year we’re faced with the same problem with the produce that we freeze—how the heck are we going to fit it all in the freezer?

Until last year, our freezer space was limited to our fridge freezer (we have a side-by-side fridge/freezer, so it’s a bit more room than a top-only freezer), a big chest freezer at my mom’s place, and (for emergencies only) my mom’s fridge freezer. Every year we try to preserve more and more with the goal of providing a year’s worth of food, and to do that means having the space and equipment. And those three freezers simply weren’t enough.

So, late last summer we bought a smaller chest freezer for our place…and quickly filled it up and ran out of room. About a month or so later, we bought a second smaller chest freezer, which we keep at my mom’s place. That did the trick for last year!

This year, though, we were faced with a record rhubarb haul—115 pounds—which is something we normally store in the freezer. We have SO MUCH frozen rhubarb. The big chest freezer was entirely rhubarb and nothing else, and half our fridge freezer was also rhubarb. We also juice cucumbers and freeze the juice, which filled one of our small chest freezers to the brim. It was fine for a while, but now as the peppers, Brussels sprouts, carrots, and more cucumbers are coming in—all of which go in the freezer—we were faced with the question of if we need to buy yet another freezer.

I was determined not to spend that money, so I thought about what the key problem is.

It’s the rhubarb.

We needed to get some of it out of the freezer.

We had to leave some as frozen rhubarb for my step-dad who makes pies every summer (so he’ll use this summer’s rhubarb for pies when he’s back next summer), we use some for flavouring kombucha, and we have some extended family that want some bags of rhubarb. But, in all, those uses account for maybe a sixth of what we have.

So, I started juicing.

A big batch of that juice went straight into a bucket for some rhubarb wine, but the rest I canned.

Canning rhubarb juice is quite simple and safe; rhubarb is acidic enough on its own that nothing is needed to make it safe for canning. Most recipes call for some optional sugar to counter the tartness of rhubarb, but it’s optional.

So, over the course of two days, I canned about 35 pints (17.5 litres) of rhubarb juice. Now the next challenge is to see if we use all that juice over the coming year, to see if it’s a useful project. I have some ideas of how to use it—but those are at the end of the post!

Step one: Juice the rhubarb

There are two ways to juice rhubarb—both are just as effective, but one is far easier and quicker.

Last year I bought myself a steam juicer. It’s a handy contraption of three interlocking pots—the bottom one boils water, and the steam gets vented into the top pot where the fruit/veg is kept. The steam heats the fruit/veg and eventually the juice bursts from it, dripping and draining into the middle pot. The middle pot has a drain hose built into it to drain the juice.

To juice rhubarb using a steam juicer, simply set the pots up, fill the bottom one with water, fill the top one with chopped rhubarb (fresh or frozen), and turn it on and let it do its work. I find it takes about 45 minutes for the rhubarb to fully juice with a steam juicer.

In the absence of a steam juicer, you can juice rhubarb using a pot on the stove. To do that, simply put twelve cups of chopped rhubarb in a pot along with four cups of water (and you can use this 4:1 ratio for larger or smaller batches). Simmer it until the rhubarb breaks down and the liquid turns a bright pink; this takes about twenty minutes.

Pour the pot’s contents into a jelly bag and let the juice drip out into a bowl or pot below. Let it drain for at least two hours and do not squeeze or compress the bag, or else you’ll get solids coming through and making a cloudy juice. In the absence of a jelly bag, you could likely use a wire mesh strainer lined with cheesecloth. It may take 1-2 hours to fully drain.

Canning rhubarb juice

Rhubarb juice is acidic enough for canning straight as is, but most recipes suggest adding sugar to improve the taste and cute down on the tartness. Knowing what you’re going to use the juice for would help determine if you want to add sugar or not. If it’s for drinking, then I’d recommend adding sugar. But if you’re going to eventually use it for jelly or other recipes that call for rhubarb juice, I’d recommend not adding sugar since the recipe is counting on the juice to be free of added sugar.

I chose to go with no sugar since I didn’t know what my final usage of the juice would be. Besides, I could always add sugar when I open it if I need to.

Safely canning rhubarb juice relies on the juice going into the jars warm, so start by heating the juice on the stove, bringing it to a simmer. If you’re adding sugar, now’s the time to do so, and give it a good stir to ensure all the sugar dissolves.

When it’s thoroughly heated, transfer juice to canning jars, leaving a quarter inch headspace. Wipe jar rims with a paper towel wetted with vinegar and then seal the jar with two part canning lids, screwed to fingertip tight.

Process in a water bath canner for 10 minutes, with the ten minute timer starting once the pot is brought to a full boil. The pot must boil for the entire ten minutes. When the ten minutes is over, remove the pot from heat and let it sit for five minutes. Then carefully remove jars using a jar lifter and place them on a thick towel on a table or counter overnight to cool and seal. In the morning, check that jars have sealed (lids bend downward). If they’re sealed, they can be stored on a shelf for a year or more before being consumed; if any jars are not sealed, put these in the fridge and use them first.

Using rhubarb juice

There are a number of uses for rhubarb juice that come to mind:

  • Use juice to make rhubarb ginger gin using my recipe here. Just pour in rhubarb juice instead of chunks of rhubarb. I haven’t made this from juice yet, so you will need to experiment with how much juice to add. It’s best to start with less than you think you need since you can always add more juice, but you can’t remove juice if you put in too much. This recipe alteration also lets you reduce the sugar if you want a dryer gin, since you’re not relying on the sugar to draw the juice out of rhubarb.
  • Use juice to make rhubarb wine. Instead of letting the sugar and rhubarb sit, just use rhubarb juice and all other ingredients (including sugar) in the same proportions. I’ve found rhubarb wine made from juice rather than letting rhubarb and sugar sit results in a much smoother and more pleasant wine.
  • If you added sugar to your rhubarb juice, you could drink it as-is or mix it with other juices for a tasty blend.
  • Whip up a batch of rhubarb jelly.
  • Make a batch of rhubarb simple syrup—equal parts sugar and rhubarb juice—and use it for tasty cocktails and youth-friendly mocktails. We’ve also used rhubarb simple syrup in place of plain simple syrup for other cocktail and baking recipes.

Rhubarb Juice

5 from 2 votes
Easy and tasty, canned rhubarb juice keeps the taste of summer fresh all year round.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 45 minutes
Canning Time 10 minutes
Total Time 1 hour 10 minutes
Course: Beverage
Cuisine: American
Ingredients Equipment Method

Ingredients
  

  • 12 cups Rhubarb, slice in small pieces
  • 1 cup Sugar (Optional)

Equipment

  • Steam Canner (Optional)
  • Water Bath Canner
  • Canning Jars and Lids (Pint size or smaller)

Method
 

  1. Juice the rhubarb.
    With a steam juicer:
    Load rhubarb into steam juicer and place on stove. It should take about 45 minutes for the rhubarb to fully juice. Make sure the pot at the bottom doesn't boil dry.
    Without a steam juicer:
    Place 12 cups of rhubarb and 4 cup of water in a pot. (Use this 4:1 ratio if you have more or less rhubarb.) Bring to a boil then reduce heat to a simmer; the rhubarb should break down in 10-15 minutes. Strain mixture using a wire mesh strainer or a jelly bag. Resist the temptation to squeeze the bag or press the rhubarb against the strainer as this will push solids through and you won't have a clear juice. If you leave it for 1-2 hours, it should fully drip through.
  2. Transfer juice to a pot and bring to a simmer. Add sugar, if using, and stir until dissolved.
  3. Transfer hot rhubarb juice to canning jars (pint size or smaller). Wipe jar rims with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar. Screw on two-part canning lids to fingertip tightness.
  4. Process in a water bath canner for ten minutes. (Put jars on rack in canner and fill canner with hot water until jars are submerged by at least an inch of water. Bring pot to a boil and start the ten minute timer when it's boiling. The canner must boil for the full ten minutes; if it stops, bring to a boil again and restart the timer.) When done, remove from heat and let sit for five minutes.
  5. Transfer jars to a thick towel on a counter or table and let sit undisturbed overnight. In the morning check that jars have sealed (lids are curved downward). If they're sealed they can be stored for at least a year before using. If any did not seal, put these jars in the fridge and use them first.

How to Make Bread and Butter Pickles

Posted on by craig

I’ve heard it said that in every relationship, there’s one person who loves pickles and one person who hates pickles, and whenever they have burgers, the pickle-hater donates their pickles to the pickle-lover.

That’s certainly the case with me and my husband. I do not like pickles and he will gladly take my pickles so he can have double pickles on his burger. It happened last night, in fact.

But when you garden and you grow a ton of cucumbers, it’s hard to not pickle them. It’s easy to do, it uses up cucumbers, it looks pretty on the shelf, and it keeps one half of this relationship happy.

When I do up a batch of pickles, my favourite is bread and butter pickles. This is partly because this is the only and only type of pickle I find reasonably tasty—but please don’t fear, because I regularly get requests to make these pickles, so for pickle lovers these ones are amazingly tasty!

The other reason I like making these is because I find them much more visually appealing than other types of pickles. In addition to cucumber slices, bread and butter pickles also have slivered onions and spices like mustard seed and celery seed.

Preparing the cucumbers and onions

We have a habit of letting our cucumbers grow too large. We primarily use them for juicing, so larger cucumbers means more juice. For pickles, though, you want smaller cucumbers. Since these will be sliced cucumbers, though, it’s okay if they’re a little on the large side.

Start by slicing ten cups of cucumbers. Slices should be approximately 1/4 inch thick.

Then thinly slice or sliver four cups of onions. I usually cut my onion in eighths so the slices are not too long, but this can be personal preference. I aim for about 1/4 inch thickness on the slices so they match the cucumbers.

Toss the cucumbers and onions in a glass or non-reactive metal bowl with half a cup of canning or pickling salt. Mix everything around really well, then cover and let it sit on the counter for about two hours. The salt will draw some of the water out of the cucumbers and onions, as well as remove the bitterness that might be in the cucumbers.

After two hours, drain the cucumbers and onions and give them a good rinse to get as much salt off as you can.

Preparing the brine

The brine is a vinegar and sugar mixture with spices added. This is what will actually pickle and flavour the cucumbers.

In a large pot, combine three cups white vinegar, two cups granulated sugar, two tablespoons mustard seed, one teaspoon celery seed, and one teaspoon ground tumeric. I typically use the yellow mustard seeds you can buy in the spice section of the grocery store, but if you have access to brown or black mustard seeds, you can use these instead. In general, the darker the mustard seed, the more intense the flavour and heat, so if you like a spicier pickle, it might be worth your while to seek out darker mustard seeds. (We grow mustard in our garden and we get black seeds, so sometimes I will throw these in.)

Bring the brine to a boil and stir or whisk to ensure all sugar is dissolved.

Making the pickles

The next step is to add the drained and rinsed cucumbers and onions to the brine. Bring the mixture back to a boil, then remove the pickles from heat and transfer them to pint jars.

This can be quite messy, no matter how careful you’re being.

I use a slotted spoon and a canning funnel to divide the solids into five pint jars. The canning funnel helps me stop from spilling all over the place but it’s still somehow the messiest recipe I make. Once everything is evenly divided between the five jars, then use a ladle to add brine to the jars, bringing everything up to a half inch headspace.

Because of how the cucumbers layer in the jar, there’s a good chance that air bubbles are trapped. While it’s impossible to completely remove them, you do want to do your best. Using a bubble remover tool, a wooden chopstick, plastic cutlery, or any non-metal utensil, jostle the contents of the jar to remove bubbles. If the fluid level goes down, add more brine to bring it back up to a half inch headspace. If you run out of brine, you can add white vinegar.

Canning the pickles

Because I find this recipe to be oddly messy, you’ll want to take extra care to wipe the rims of the jars with a paper towel wetted with white vinegar. If there is any sugary brine left on the rim, it may prevent a proper seal.

Once the rims are cleaned, put on the two-part lid and screw to fingertip tightness.

Process in a boiling water canner for ten minutes.

If you’re newer to canning, this means to put them in a water bath canner and submerge with hot water until the water level is one to two inches above the top of the jars. Bring the water to a roiling boil and then start the ten minute timer. If the pot ever stops boiling, bring it back to a boil and restart the timer.

Remove from heat and let the pot sit for five minutes before carefully removing the jars with a jar lifter. Set them on a thick towel on a table or counter and let them rest overnight. In the morning, check to see that the lids have sealed (they bow downward). If they have, then they can sit on a shelf in a cool, dark place for approximately a year. They can sit longer, though quality (but not safety) can degrade after that. If any jars have not sealed, put them in the fridge and consume them first.

Bread and Butter Pickles

5 from 2 votes
A sweet and savoury sliced pickle, perfect for sandwiches and burgers.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 15 minutes
Cook Time 15 minutes
Resting Time 2 hours
Course: condiments
Cuisine: American
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • 10 cups Pickling Cucumbers, Sliced ¼ Inch Thick
  • 4 cups Onion, Sliced ¼ Inch Thick
  • ½ cup Canning or Pickling Salt
  • 3 cups White Vinegar
  • 2 cups White Sugar
  • 2 Tbsp Mustard Seed
  • 1 tsp Celery Seed
  • 1 tsp Ground Turmeric

Equipment

  • Water Bath Canner
  • 5 Pint Mason Jars

Method
 

  1. Combine cucumbers, onions, and salt in a large non-reactive bowl (glass or stainless steel). Mix until cucumbers and onion are fully coated. Let sit for two hours.
  2. After two hours, drain the cucumber/onion mixture and rinse well to remove most of the salt.
  3. In a large stainless steel pot, combine remaining ingredients and bring to a boil, ensuring sugar has dissolved. Add cucumbers and onions to the pot and return to a boil.
  4. Remove from heat and start filling jars. Using a slotted spoon, scoop solids equally into five pint-size mason jars. Top with brine, bringing contents up to ½ inch headspace. De-bubble the jars with a wooden chopstick or plastic utensil. Top up with brine to return to ½ inch headspace. If you are short on brine, you can add white vinegar.
  5. Wipe jar rims with a paper towel wetted with vinegar, then put on two-part lids and screw to fingertip tightness. Place in water bath canner and cover with hot water until jars are submerged by 1-2 inches of water. Process in canner for ten minutes; once the water starts boiling, start the ten minute timer. If at any point the water stops boiling, return to a boil and restart the ten minute timer.
  6. When processing time is over, turn off heat and let canner sit for five minutes. Then, carefully using a jar lifter, remove jars from canner and place on a thick towel on a counter or table and let them sit undisturbed overnight.
  7. In the morning, check to see that lids have sealed (they dip inward). If so, they can be stored on a shelf for up to a year; after which safety does not change, but quality may degrade. If any jars did not plea (they click when you press on them), store these jars in the fridge and consume them first.

Notes

If using quart jars, add 5 minutes to processing time.

How to Make Fermented Snap Peas

Posted on by craig

Snap peas or sugar snap peas are one of those “blink and you’ll miss them” kind of produce. While they’re not quite as quickly there-and-gone as things like cherries, they do have a relatively short span of time in which they produce peas, and it’s fairly difficult to maintain that freshness of snap peas for any length of time. Thus the culinary experience of munching on sugar snap peas with roasted garlic hummus is a treat for my family for a few weeks mid-summer.

For long-term storage of snap peas, I shell them and put the peas in a bag and then in the freezer. While we no longer have the whole shell to eat, we at least have peas to keep us stocked throughout the year. (This year I’m attempting pea pod wine with the discard shells—look for a potential update on that in the winter!)

There’s a recipe for preserving snap peas I’ve been eyeing for a while and have finally tried—fermented snap peas.

Fermentation is the process of fostering an environment for beneficial bacteria to take hold in a food and choke out any bad bacteria. Fermented foods can then be stored for quite some time in the fridge, sometimes as long as several months, depending on the specific fermented food.

Fermented foods are loaded with probiotics and eating these foods can contribute to a healthy gut microbiome, which can have a broad impact on general health, including boosting the immune system. Fermented foods can also be easier to digest, which may be of benefit to some folks, and which can also increase nutrient absorption.

But, really, when you find a good recipe, fermented foods can be just darn delicious. Every week I make a batch of kombucha, which is a fermented tea-based beverage, and we drink it regularly.

So when I finally came across this recipe for fermented peas, it checked off a long list of things I was looking for—a new food preservation project, a way to preserve snap peas beyond their small window, and a delicious new food.

The science and art of fermentation

I’ve spoken before about how fermentation is both a science and an art, and it was me eventually coming to understand that symbiosis that led me understand the appeal of fermentation. The science is fairly basic—you use a saltwater brine (or just salt in the case of some foods like cabbage) to create an environment conducive to beneficial bacteria. These bacteria will thrive and outcompete the bad bacteria. That’s the science of it.

The art is where things can get a bit creative. You can flavour your fermented foods in a million different ways. For these fermented snap peas, I threw in some red pepper flakes and a heavy dash of Italian seasoning for some hot Italian snap peas. However, I could have instead thrown in some dill and peppercorns, or some sliced garlic, or the spices used in bread and butter pickles to make bread and butter snap peas.

How to ferment snap peas

The process is pretty simple and mostly requires patience.

You will need a fermentation vessel. I have a cool little Mason Tops kit that has a straight-sided jar, a glass weight, and an airlock for the top. You can also make do with any jar, a Ziploc bag filled with water as a weight, and a loose-fitting lid to act as a makeshift airlock. And, really, given how the peas are packed tightly and unlikely to float, you could probably skip the weight altogether.

Once you’ve got your fermentation vessel selected, start by putting any spices and seasonings in the bottom of the vessel. Then cram the peas in there. You’ll likely want to put them vertically so it’s easier to fill the narrow gaps with pea pods. (If you just dump the peas in, they’re not likely to be tightly packed and the brine you add won’t cover your peas.)

Unfortunately, I forgot to take any photos of this process for this blog. 🙃

In a bowl, combine water and salt (quantities listed in the recipe card below) and stir until all the salt has dissolved. This is your brine for fermenting. Pour the brine over the peas and ensure they are fully covered by brine. If not, you may need to push the peas further down or make more brine to top it up.

Put the weight on top of the peas, close the jar, and let sit in a cool, dark place to ferment. Fermentation will take several days. (If you’re using a regular lid and not one with a built-in airlock / air release, you will want to ensure the lid is loose-fitting to prevent gas buildup. Still, you may want to briefly and very quickly open the lid once a day to vent gasses.)

You’ll know it’s fermenting because of the bubbles that form and rise to the top. After several days, the peas should be ready. There’s no real test of readiness for fermented foods and it’s sort of a “how does it taste” assessment. Fermentation with saltwater creates a vinegar, so the peas should taste pickled, but the degree of “pickle-ness” is up to you. Once you determine it’s ready you can remove the weight and store the jar in the fridge. It should last several months.

How to use fermented snap peas

It was recently pointed out to me that while my recipes sound tasty, some of them would benefit from a section on how to use them—so welcome to a brand new feature to my recipe pages!

There are a variety of ways to use fermented snap peas:

  • When I do a BBQ or a dinner for a group of people, my appetizer is usually a baked brie with crackers, and whatever random pickles and preserves I have in my fridge. So this would go great paired with a baked brie, pickled beets, and sugar-fermented blueberries or Saskatoons.
  • Depending on how you flavour them, they would go great as a side of topping for dinner. I made spicy pickled snap peas with cayenne pepper and Italian seasoning, so it would go great paired with a stir-fry (the spice is more prominent than the Italian seasoning). If you’re eating fermented foods for the beneficial probiotic bacteria, you’ll likely want to add the peas when serving rather than cooking them in the stir fry, since the heat may kill the probiotic bacteria.
  • Fermented snap peas would also make a wonderful addition to a packed lunch or a bento box, as a vegetable side with a bit of a kick.

Fermented Snap Peas

5 from 1 vote
Fermenting is a great way to preserve snap peas for months beyond their season. Plus, they're tasty!
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Prep Time 10 minutes
Fermentation 7 days
Course: Appetizer
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • 2 cups Water
  • 1 Tbsp Sea Salt
  • 2 cups Snap Peas
  • Seasonings, To Taste (see notes)

Equipment

  • Fermentation Vessel, with Weight and Airlock

Method
 

  1. Make the brine by combining water and salt, stirring until salt is dissolved.
  2. Place seasonings in the bottom of the fermentation vessel. See notes for some ideas for seasonings.
  3. Tightly pack peas into the fermentation vessel and cover with brine until peas are submerged. If peas are not submerged, you may need to pack them down tighter or add more brine. Putting the fermentation weight on top may push the peas down too.
  4. Put the weight and lid on and store in a cool, dark place to allow peas to ferment. Check daily. You should see bubbles form after a few days; this is from fermentation.
  5. Start tasting the peas after 5-7 days and then taste daily until desired fermentation has been reached. Once done, store peas in the fridge.

Notes

Spice options:
  • Spicy: 1 tsp red pepper flakes and 1tsp Italian seasoning
  • Garlicky: 1-2 garlic cloves, sliced, and 1 tsp peppercorns
  • Bread and Butter: 1 tsp mustard seeds, 1/4 tsp celery seeds, 1/4 tsp turmeric
Fermentation vessel:
If you don’t have a fermentation vessel you can use any large jar. In place of a weight, you can use a Ziplock bag filled with water or, if it fits, a small ramekin or other small dish. In place of an airlock lid, you can use a loose-fitting lid, but you may want to vent built-up gasses once per day, even if the lid is loose-fitting.

How to Make Fermented Garlic Scape Hot Sauce

Posted on by craig

The garlic scapes are up and this year we got quite the haul, coming in at around 1.5 kg, or about three pounds. Normally we get just a smattering and they’re usually quite thin, but this year we have at least double the garlic planted and these scapes grew nice and thick.

Scapes are the flower stem of the garlic plant. They grow nice and tall and then curl in on themselves. At the end is a bulb that will form garlic seeds. Once that bulb flowers, the garlic bulb underground will stop growing, so you want to harvest the scape before that happens.

In my previous post about pickling garlic scapes, I talked in depth about the process of harvesting them. In a short summary, you’ll want to cut or break the scape where it emerges from the top leaf of the plant.

Scapes have a strong garlic taste and can be used multiple ways. They grill up great on the BBQ, they have a wonderful garlic bite to them when you pickle them, they make a zesty pesto, and there’s a garlic scape jam I want to try next year that I think would go great on a baked Brie.

Garlic scape hot sauce

A few years ago I tried doing the farmers market thing, selling jams, pickles, and preserves. It was an interesting experience but ultimately not one I’ll likely return to. While there, I made some great connections with local food folks and got to try some amazing foods.

A highlight for me was the garlic scape hot sauce that I bought from the hot sauce guy. While his prices are affordable and I continue to buy garlic scape hot sauce off him, it was a hot sauce I wanted to see if I could make myself.

In my research on garlic scape hot sauce recipes I found that there’s almost nothing. I did come across one fermented garlic scape hot sauce recipe, and so my variation is based on that one.

I made a couple alterations in the batch I made for this post and have noted further alterations for next year’s batch that I’ll make. The recipe on this post is for what I’d do next year.

The art of fermenting

Fermenting is very much a science. You create an ideal environment for beneficial bacteria to thrive, which then outcompetes bad bacteria, preserving food for weeks, months, or even longer.

Because of this careful balance needed and the fact that this whole preservation method relies on bacteria, I’d always been quite intimidated by it. I’d follow recipes to the T and never vary.

A couple years back, a local chef loaned me a copy of The Art of Fermentation by Sandor Ellix Katz and even on just the cursory flip-through that I gave it, the book opened my eyes to the fact that while fermenting is very much a science, it is also very much an art. As long as you’re following the basic science of fermenting, there’s tons of wiggle room to customize what you’re creating and make culinary works of art.

This recipe relies on creating a salt brine with water and submerging the foods in it. (Versus something like sauerkraut that relies on salt drawing the moisture out of cabbage so it’s in a salt brine of its own juices.)

That brine will create the environment for beneficial bacteria to thrive, allowing us to then create some artistic customization in what is being fermented.

Making the ferment

Before we start making the ferment, we’ll want a vessel to do the ferment in. I have a Mason Tops fermenting kit that comes with a jar, an airlock lid, and a glass weight. Here are some kits on Amazon that can be adapted with a regular mason jar. In a pinch, you can jerry-rig a ferment vessel by using a mason jar, a Ziploc bag of water as a weight, and a loose-fitting lid that will keep bad bacteria out but still allow venting of gas.

The first step is prepare the veggies going into the ferment. This recipe calls for 175 grams each of garlic scapes and jalapeno peppers. The scapes can be chopped up in small pieces. The exact sizing doesn’t matter too much because at the end you’ll be pureeing everything. The peppers can be stemmed and then sliced in half—and keep the seeds so they add heat to the sauce. They can be chopped up smaller if you’re having difficulty getting everything nicely in the ferment vessel.

While the recipe calls for jalapeno peppers, you can use any green-coloured hot pepper. This is a hot sauce that gets its kick from the garlic scapes, so it’s more of a flavour with heat than pure heat. That being said, with my initial taste-test of the final product, I felt it wasn’t quite hot enough, so next year I’ll look at either a hotter pepper or adding more jalapenos.

And while ideally you want a green-coloured hot pepper, this is purely to maintain the green colour in the final hot sauce. If you don’t care so much about the colour, you could put in any hot pepper of your choice. I grew some scotch bonnet hot peppers and discovered they have an interesting flavour along with their intense heat—they’d go quite well here, but the green scapes and red pepper might create a muddied colour.

In a pinch, if you don’t have fresh hot peppers, you could use pickled hot peppers, but I would add them at the blender step. After the full ferment, you add some vinegar before you blend it, so you could add pickled hot peppers at this stage.

Anyway, back to the ferment!

Put the scapes and jalapenos in your ferment vessel and then chop and add a few green onions.

Now we’ll create the brine, which should be 2% by weight. To do this, add two teaspoons of salt to two cups of water, and heat it in a pot, stirring until the salt dissolves. Allow the water to cool a bit and then pour it into the ferment vessel, ensuring everything is submerged. If you add the brine immediately after boiling, the heat may kill the beneficial bacteria you’re trying to help.

Add the fermenting weight on top, as well as the airlock, and store in a cool, dry, dark place for 7-10 days. You may want to put a plate or bowl under it as ferments sometimes bubble over. You can check on it every few days; if you see bubbles, you know it’s working and it’s fermenting. After seven days, start tasting the scapes to see if you’ve got a good taste going. Mine took eight days.

Once things taste ideal—and this is another place where the art of fermenting comes in since “ideal” is completely up to you—the ferment is done and we can move on to making the hot sauce.

Turning the ferment into hot sauce

Strain the ferment, reserving the liquid.

The scapes, peppers, and green onions are then put into a blender. (If possible, use an actual blender. I used an immersion blender / stick blender and it didn’t work that well, so next time I’ll dig out the actual blender.) Add in half a cup of vinegar and 2/3 cup of the brine.

The choice of vinegar is up to you. The original recipe calls for apple cider vinegar, but I found the apple taste clashed with the garlic and jalapeno. I’d strongly suggest white vinegar or unseasoned rice vinegar, or a vinegar with a complementary flavour profile.

When I make this next year, I’m going to either use my homemade chive blossom vinegar, which would add a chive flavour, or I’d use my homemade sinamak. Sinamak is a Filipino vinegar infusion; white vinegar is infused with hot peppers, ginger, garlic, and black peppercorns. I made a batch a while back with some thai chili peppers and it has a real kick to it that would go fantastic in this hot sauce.

Blend until smooth.

From here, you have two options.

If you like a smooth sauce, you can strain the pureed sauce through a strainer or cheesecloth. If you like a chunkier sauce, you can transfer the whole thing to a jar as-is.

The original recipe calls for the sauce to be strained and then xantham gum to be added, which would thicken it and give it some consistency. I chose to go without the xantham gum and without straining. The hot sauce I buy always needs a good shake because it settles easily, but then you get all those garlicky bits from the pureed scapes and it’s oh-so-good.

Because it’s a ferment that’s ultimately preserved in vinegar, this should last in the fridge for weeks, if not months.

Garlic scape hot sauce can be used the same as any hot sauce, but the garlic taste opens up some ideal pairings. This goes great on any food where garlic is a complementary taste, such as on pizza.

Fermented Garlic Scape Hot Sauce

5 from 1 vote
A hot sauce with the mouthwatering tang of garlic makes for the perfect topping on things like pizzas and burgers.
Print Recipe Pin Recipe
Prep Time 20 minutes
Fermenting Time 10 days
Course: condiments
Ingredients Equipment Method Notes

Ingredients
  

  • 175 g Garlic Scapes
  • 175 g Jalapeno Peppers, or other hot pepper, preferably green
  • 2-3 Green Onions
  • 10 Peppercorns
  • 2 tsp Salt
  • 2 cups Water
  • ½ cup Vinegar, see notes

Equipment

  • 1 Fermentation Kit / Vessel, see notes for alternatives
  • 1 Blender

Method
 

  1. Chop garlic scapes and add to fermentation vessel. De-stem jalapeno peppers and quarter or chop and add to fermentation vessel. Chop green onions and add to fermentation vessel.
  2. Add salt and water to a small pot and heat, stirring until salt dissolves. Let the saltwater brine cool, then add to the fermentation vessel.
  3. Place the weight in the vessel, ensuring all vegetables are below the water line. Close with an airlock. Place on a plate (in case it bubbles over) and put in a cool, dark, dry place to ferment.
  4. After a few days, you should start to see bubbles in the ferment. This means it's working.
  5. After 7 days, taste a scape to test for readiness. (There's no real measure of when it's ready, you go by taste and preference.) Ferment should be done in 7-10 days.
  6. Strain vegetables, reserving the brine.
  7. Add vegetables to a blender, vinegar, and ⅔ cup of the reserved brine. Blend until smooth.
  8. If you prefer smooth sauce:
    Strain though a strainer or cheesecloth, then store remaining liquid in a bottle or jar in the fridge.
    If you prefer chunky sauce:
    Transfer blender contents to a bottle or jar and store in the fridge.

Notes

If you don’t have a fermentation kit, you can piece one together using a large jar as the fermentation vessel, a Ziplock bag filled with water as the weight, and a loose-fitting lid as the airlock.
For vinegar, white vinegar is usually best, but any vinegar with a complementary flavour profile would work well, such as chive blossom vinegar or sinamak.